Botulinum toxin, also known as Botox, is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is commonly used in medical and cosmetic procedures to temporarily paralyze muscles and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Botulinum toxin works by blocking the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction, leading to muscle relaxation. It is also used to treat various medical conditions such as muscle spasms, migraines, and overactive bladder. Research in this area focuses on exploring new applications of botulinum toxin, improving its effectiveness and safety, and understanding its mechanism of action.